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参见wikipedia辞条[[Abjection|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjection]]
参见[[Cultural Studies Cheat Sheet]]
参见wikipedia相关辞条[[Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Contemporary_Cultural_Studies]]
参见[[伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心]]
参见wikipedia相关辞条[[Cultural Hegemony|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_hegemony]]
参见[[文化霸权]]、[[霸权]]
参见wikipedia相关辞条[[Cultural Studies|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_studies]]
参见[[文化研究]]
[[Cultural Studies Cheat Sheet]]就是您正在打开的这个页面。是一个非赢利的学术研究项目，虽然本项目采用tiddlywiki技术，但它并不是严格意义上的辞典或是百科全书，甚至也不是文化研究中流行的关键词。恰恰相反，这里或许会包含相当多的非关键词或是不关键词。将它命名为Cultural Studies Cheat Sheet倒不是说真的在某个关于文化研究的考场上起到小抄作用，只是希望能为文化研究者们提供一个顺手的工具。当然有心人会发现，它的缩写CSCS无疑是向CCCS先辈们的致敬。
CULTURE
Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language. This is so partly because of its intricate historical development, in several European languages, but mainly because it has now come to be used for important concepts in several distinct intellectual disciplines and in several distinct and incompatible systems of thought.
The fw is cultura, L, from rw colere, L. Colere had a range of meanings: inhabit, cultivate, protect, honor with worship. Some of these meanings eventually separated, though still with occasional overlapping, in the derived nouns. Thus 'inhabit developed through colonus, L to colony. 'Honor with worship developed through cultus, L to cult. Cultura took on the main meaning of cultivation or tending, including, as in Cicero, cultura animi, though with subsidiary medieval meanings of honor and worship (cf. in English culture as 'worship in Caxton (1483)). The French forms of cultura were couture, OF, which has since developed its own specialized meaning, and later culture, which by eC15 had passed into English. The primary meaning was then in husbandry, the tending of natural growth.
Culture in all its early uses was a noun of process: the tending of something, basically crops or animals. The subsidiary coulter -- ploughshare, had travelled by a different linguistic route, from culter, L -- ploughshare, culter, OE, to the variant English spellings culter, colter, coulter and as late as eCl7 culture (Webster, Duchess of Malfi, III, ii: 'hot burning cultures). This provided a further basis for the important next stage of meaning, by metaphor. From eCl6 the tending of natural growth was extended to process of human development, and this, alongside the original meaning in husbandry, was the main sense until lC18 and eC19. Thus More: 'to the culture and profit of their minds; Bacon: 'the culture and manurance of minds (1605); Hobbes: 'a culture of their minds (1651); Johnson: 'she neglected the culture of her understanding (1759). At various points in this development two crucial changes occurred: first, a degree of habituation to the metaphor, which made the sense of human tending direct; second, an extension of particular processes to a general process, which the word could abstractly carry. It is of course from the latter development that the independent noun culture began its complicated modern history, but the process of change is so intricate, and the latencies of meaning are at times so close, that it is not possible to give any definite date. Culture as an independent noun, an abstract process or the product of such a process, is not important before 1C18 and is not common before mCl9. But the early stages of this development were not sudden. There is an interesting use in Milton, in the second (revised) edition of The Readie and Easie Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth (1660): 'spread much more Knowledg and Civility, yea, Religion, through all parts of the Land, by communicating the natural heat of Government and Culture more distributively to all extreme parts, which now lie num and neglected. Here the metaphorical sense ('natural heat) still appears to be present, and civility (cf. CIVILIZATION)is still written where in C19 we would normally expect culture. Yet we can also read 'government and culture in a quite modern sense. Milton, from the tenor of his whole argument, is writing about a general social process, and this is a definite stage of development. In C15 England this general process acquired definite class associations though cultivation and cultivated were more commonly used for this. But there is a letter of 1730 (Bishop of Killala, to Mrs Clayton; cit. Plumb, England in the Eighteenth Century)which has this clear sense: 'it has not been customary for persons of either birth or culture to breed up their children to the Church. Akenside (Pleasures of Imagination, 1744) wrote: '... nor purple state nor culture can bestow. Wordsworth wrote 'where grace of culture hath been utterly unknown (1805), and Jane Austen (Emma, 1816) 'every advantage of discipline and culture.
It is thus clear that culture was developing in English towards some of its modern senses before the decisive effects of a new social and intellectual movement. But to follow the development through this movement, in lC18 and eC19, we have to look also at developments in other languages and especially in German.
In French, until C18, culture was always accompanied by a grammatical form indicating the matter being cultivated, as in the English usage already noted. Its occasional use as an independent noun dates from mC18, rather later than similar occasional uses in English. The independent noun civilization also emerged in mC18; its relationship to culture has since been very complicated (cf. CIVILIZATION and discussion below). There was at this point an important development in German: the word was borrowed from French, spelled first (lC18) Cultur and from C19 Kultur. Its main use was still as a synonym for civilization: first in the abstract sense of a general process of becoming 'civilized or 'cultivated; second, in the sense which had already been established for civilization by the historians of the Enlightenment, in the popular C18 form of the universal histories, as a description of the secular process of human development. There was then a decisive change of use in Herder. In his unfinished Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind (1784--9 1) he wrote of Cultur: 'nothing is more indeterminate than this word, and nothing more deceptive than its application to all nations and periods. He attacked the assumption of the universal histories that 'civilization or culture -- the historical self-development of humanity -- was what we would now call a unilinear process, leading to the high and dominant point of C18 European culture. Indeed he attacked what be called European subjugation and domination of the four quarters of the globe, and wrote:
Men of all the quarters of the globe, who have perished over the ages, you have not lived solely to manure the earth with your ashes, so that at the end of time your posterity should be made happy by European culture. The very thought of a superior European culture is a blatant insult to the majesty of Nature.
It is then necessary, he argued, in a decisive innovation, to speak of 'cultures in the plural: the specific and variable cultures of different nations and periods, but also the specific and variable cultures of social and economic groups within a nation. This sense was widely developed, in the Romantic movement, as an alternative to the orthodox and dominant 'civilization. It was first used to emphasize national and traditional cultures, including the new concept of folk-culture (cf. FOLK). It was later used to attack what was seen as the MECHANICAL (q.v.) character of the new civilization then emerging: both for its abstract rationalism and for the 'inhumanity of current Industrial development. It was used to distinguish between 'human and 'material development. Politically, as so often in this period, it veered between radicalism and reaction and very often, in the confusion of major social change, fused elements of both. (It should also be noted, though it adds to the real complication, that the same kind of distinction, especially between 'material and 'spiritual development, was made by von Humboldt and others, until as late as 1900, with a reversal of the terms, culture being material and civilization spiritual. In general, however, the opposite distinction was dominant.)
On the other hand, from the 1840s in Germany, Kultur was being used in very much the sense in which civilization had been used in C18 universal histories. The decisive innovation is G. F. Klemms Allgemeine Kulturgeschichte der Menschheit -- 'General Cultural History of Mankind (1843-52)-- which traced human development from savagery through domestication to freedom. Although the American anthropologist Morgan, tracing comparable stages, used 'Ancient Society, with a culmination in Civilization, Klemms sense was sustained, and was directly followed in English by Tylor in Primitive Culture (1870). It is along this line of reference that the dominant sense in modern social sciences has to be traced.
The complexity of the modern development of the word, and of its modern usage, can then be appreciated. We can easily distinguish the sense which depends on a literal continuity of physical process as now in 'sugar-beet culture or, in the specialized physical application in bacteriology since the 1880s, 'germ culture. But once we go beyond the physical reference, we have to recognize three broad active categories of usage. The sources of two of these we have already discussed: (i) the independent and abstract noun which describes a general process of intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development, from C18; (ii) the independent noun, whether used generally or specifically, which indicates a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period, a group, or humanity in general, from Herder and Klemm. But we have also to recognize (iii) the independent and abstract noun which describes the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic activity. This seems often now the most widespread use: culture is music, literature, painting and sculpture, theater and film. A Ministry of Culture refers to these specific activities, sometimes with the addition of philosophy, scholarship, history. This use, (iii), is in fact relatively late. It is difficult to date precisely because it is in origin an applied form of sense (i): the idea of a general process of intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development was applied and effectively transferred to the works and practices which represent and sustain it. But it also developed from the earlier sense of process; cf. 'progressive culture of fine arts, Millar, Historical View of the English Government, IV, 314 (1812). In English (i) and (iii) are still close; at times, for internal reasons, they are indistinguishable as in Arnold, Culture and Anarchy (1867); while sense (ii) was decisively introduced into English by Tylor, Primitive Culture (1870), following Klemm. The decisive development of sense (iii) in English was in lC19 and eC2O.
Faced by this complex and still active history of the word, it is easy to react by selecting one 'true or 'proper or 'scientific sense and dismissing other senses as loose or confused. There is evidence of this reaction even in the excellent study by Kroeber and Kluckhohn, Culture: a Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, where usage in North American anthropology is in effect taken as a norm. It is clear that, within a discipline, conceptual usage has to be clarified. But in general it is the range and overlap of meanings that is significant. The complex of senses indicates a complex argument about the relations between general human development and a particular way of life, and between both and the works and practices of art and intelligence. It is especially interesting that in archaeology and in cultural anthropology the reference to culture or a culture isprimarily to material production, while in history and cultural studies the reference is primarily to signifying or symbolic systems. This often confuses but even more often conceals the central question of the relations between 'material and 'symbolic production, which in some recent argument -- cf. my own Culture -- have always to be related rather than contrasted. Within this complex argument there are fundamentally opposed as well as effectively overlapping positions; there are also, understandably, many unresolved questions and confused answers. But these arguments and questions cannot be resolved by reducing the complexity of actual usage. This point is relevant also to uses of forms of the word in languages other than English, where there is considerable variation. The anthropological use is common in the German, Scandinavian and Slavonic language groups, but it is distinctly subordinate to the senses of art and learning, or of a general process of human development, in Italian and French. Between languages as within a language, the range and complexity of sense and reference indicate both difference of intellectual position and some blurring or overlapping. These variations, of whatever kind, necessarily involve alternative views of the activities, relationships and processes which this complex word indicates. The complexity, that is to say, is not finally in the word but in the problems which its variations of use significantly indicate.
It is necessary to look also at some associated and derived words. Cultivation and cultivated went through the same metaphorical extension from a physical to a social or educational sense in C17, and were especially significant words in C18. Coleridge, making a classical eC19 distinction between civilization and culture, wrote (1830): 'the permanent distinction, and occasional contrast, between cultivation and civilization. The noun in this sense has effectively disappeared but the adjective is still quite common, especially in relation to manners and tastes. The important adjective cultural appears to date from the 1870s; it became common by the 1890s. The word is only available, in its modern sense, when the independent noun, in the artistic and intellectual or anthropological senses, has become familiar. Hostility to the word culture in English appears to date from the controversy around Arnolds views. It gathered force in lC19 and eC20, in association with a comparable hostility to aesthete and AESTHETIC (q.v.). Its association with class distinction produced the mime-word culchah. There was also an area of hostility associated with anti-German feeling, during and after the 1914-18 War, in relation to propaganda about Kultur. The central area of hostility has lasted, and one element of it has been emphasized by the recent American phrase culture-vulture. It is significant that virtually all the hostility (with the sole exception of the temporary anti-German association) has been connected with uses involving claims to superior knowledge (cf. the noun INTELLECTUAL),refinement (culchah) and distinctions between 'high art (culture) and popular art and entertainment. It thus records a real social history and a very difficult and confused phase of social and cultural development. It is interesting that the steadily extending social and anthropological use of culture and cultural and such formations as sub-culture (the culture of a distinguishable smaller group) has, except in certain areas (notably popular entertainment), either bypassed or effectively diminished the hostility and its associated unease and embarrassment. The recent use of culturalism, to indicate a methodological contrast with structuralism in social analysis, retains many of the earlier difficulties, and does not always bypass the hostility.
[[前面的话]]
[[最近更新]]
[[人物]]
[[作品]]
[[理论]]
[[流派]]
参见wikipedia相关辞条[[E P Thompson|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._P._Thompson]]
参见[[E P 汤普森]]
参见wikipedia辞条 [[Julia Kristeva|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Kristeva]]
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[[人物]]
[[作品]]
[[理论]]
[[流派]]
参见wikipedia辞条[[Matthew Arnold|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Arnold]]
参见[[马修·阿诺德]]
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POPULAR
Popular was originally a legal and political term, from popularis, L-belonging to the people. An action popular, from C15, was a legal suit which it was open to anyone to begin. Popular estate and popular government, from C16, referred to a political system constituted or carried on by the whole people, but there was also the sense (cf. COMMON) of 'low or 'base. The transition to the predominant modern meaning of 'widely favored or 'well-liked is interesting in that it contains a strong element of setting out to gain favor, with a sense of calculation that has not quite disappeared but that is evident in a reinforced phrase like deliberately popular. Most of the men who have left records of the use of the word saw the matter from this point of view, downwards. There were neutral uses, such as Norths 'more popular, and desirous of the common peoples good will and favor (1580) (where popular was still a term of policy rather than of condition), and evidently derogatory uses, such as Bacons 'a Noble-man of an ancient Family, but unquiet and popular (1622). Popularity was defined in 1697, by Collier, as 'a courting the favor of the people by undue practices. This use was probably reinforced by unfavorable applications: a neutral reference to 'popular'. . . theams (1573) is less characteristic than 'popular error (1616) and 'popular sickenesse (1603) or 'popular disease (C17--C19), in which an unwelcome thing was merely widespread. A primary sense of 'widely favored was clear by lC18; the sense of 'well-liked is probably C19. A lC19 American magazine observed: 'they have come ... to take popular quite gravely and sincerely as a synonym for good. The shift in perspective is then evident. Popular was being seen from the point of view of the people rather than from those seeking favor or power from them. Yet the earlier sense has not died. Popular culture was not identified by the people but by others, and it still carries two older senses: inferior kinds of work (cf. popular literature, popular press as distinguished from quality press); and work deliberately setting out to win favor (popular journalism as distinguished from democratic journalism, or popular entertainment); as well as the more modern sense of well-liked by many people, with which of course, in many cases, the earlier senses overlap. The sense of popular culture as the culture actually made by people for themselves is different from all these. It relates, evidently, to Herders sense of Kultur des Volkes, lC18, but what came through in English as folk-culture (cf. FOLK) is distinguishable from recent senses of popular culture as contemporary as well as historical. The range of senses can be seen again in popularize, which until C19 was a political term, in the old sense, and then took on its special meaning of presenting knowledge in generally accessible ways. Its C19 uses were mainly favorable, and in C20 the favorable sense is still available, but there is also a strong sense of 'simplification, which in some circles is predominant.
Populism, in political discussion, embodies all these variations. In the USA the Populists (Peoples Party), from 1892, were in a radical alliance with labor organizations, though the relations between populism and socialism were complex. The sense of representing popular interests and values has survived, but is often overridden by either (a) right-wing criticism of this, as in demagogy, which has moved from 'leading the people to 'crude and simplifying agitation, or (b) left-wing criticism of rightist and fascist movements which exploit 'popular prejudices, or of leftist movements which subordinate socialist ideas to popular (populist) assumptions and habits.
In mC2O popular song and popular art were characteristically shortened to pop, and the familiar range of senses, from unfavorable to favorable, gathered again around this. The shortening gave the word a lively informality but opened it, more easily, to a sense of the trivial. It is hard to say whether older senses of pop have become fused with this use: the common sense of a sudden lively movement, in many familiar and generally pleasing contexts, is certainly appropriate.
1. Rev. Ed. (NewYork: Oxford UP, 1983), pp. 87-93 and 236-8.
参见 The Literary Encyclopedia相关辞条[[Raymond Williams|http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=4736]]
参见wikipedia相关辞条[[Raymond Williams|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Williams]]
参见wikipedia相关辞条[[Richard Hoggart|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hoggart]]
参见[[理查德·霍加特]]
Cultural Studies Cheat Sheet
参见wikipedia相关辞条[[Stuart Hall|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Hall_%28cultural_theorist%29]]
参见[[斯图亚特·霍尔]]、[[霍尔]]
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h1 {font-size:18px;}
h2 {font-size:16px;}
h3 {font-size: 14px;}
#messageArea {
border: 4px solid #948979;
background: #f5f5f5;
color: #999;
font-size:90%;
}
#messageArea a:hover { background:#f5f5f5;}
#messageArea .button{
color: #666;
border: 1px solid #CC6714;
}
#messageArea .button:hover {
color: #fff;
background: #948979;
border-color: #948979;
}
* html .viewer pre {
margin-left: 0em;
}
* html .editor textarea, * html .editor input {
width: 98%;
}
.searchBar {float:right;font-size: 1.0em;}
.searchBar .button {color:#999;display:block;}
.searchBar .button:hover {border:1px solid #fff;color:#4F4B45;}
.searchBar input {
background-color: #FFF;
color: #999999;
border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-right:3px;
}
#sidebarOptions .button:active, #sidebarOptions .highlight {background:#F5F5F5;}
*html #contentFooter { padding:0.25em 1em 0.5em 1em;}
#noticeBoard {font-size: 0.9em; color:#999; position:relative;display:block;background:#fff; clear: both; margin-right:0.5em; margin-top:60px; padding:5px; border-bottom: 1px dotted #CCC; border-top: 1px dotted #CCC;}
#mainMenu #noticeBoard a,#mainMenu #noticeBoard .tiddlyLink {display:inline;border:none;padding:5px 2px;color:#DF9153 }
#noticeBoard a:hover {border:none;}
#noticeBoard br {display:inline;}
#mainMenu #noticeBoard .button{
color: #666;
border: 1px solid #DF9153;padding:2px;
}
#mainMenu #noticeBoard .button:hover{
color: #fff;
background: #DF9153;
border-color: #DF9153;
}
.searchbar {position:relative; width:11em;}
.searchbar .button{margin:0; width:11em;}
#header {display:inline-block;}
/*}}}*/
/***
Contains the stuff you need to use Tiddlyspot
Note you must also have UploadPlugin installed
***/
//{{{
// edit this if you are migrating sites or retrofitting an existing TW
config.tiddlyspotSiteId = 'culturalstudies';
// make it so you can by default see edit controls via http
config.options.chkHttpReadOnly = false;
window.readOnly = false; // make sure of it (for tw 2.2)
// disable autosave in d3
if (window.location.protocol != "file:")
config.options.chkGTDLazyAutoSave = false;
// tweak shadow tiddlers to add upload button, password entry box etc
with (config.shadowTiddlers) {
SiteUrl = 'http://'+config.tiddlyspotSiteId+'.tiddlyspot.com';
SideBarOptions = SideBarOptions.replace(/(<<saveChanges>>)/,"$1<<tiddler TspotSidebar>>");
OptionsPanel = OptionsPanel.replace(/^/,"<<tiddler TspotOptions>>");
DefaultTiddlers = DefaultTiddlers.replace(/^/,"[[WelcomeToTiddlyspot]] ");
MainMenu = MainMenu.replace(/^/,"[[WelcomeToTiddlyspot]] ");
}
// create some shadow tiddler content
merge(config.shadowTiddlers,{
'WelcomeToTiddlyspot':[
"This document is a ~TiddlyWiki from tiddlyspot.com. A ~TiddlyWiki is an electronic notebook that is great for managing todo lists, personal information, and all sorts of things.",
"",
"@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //What now?// @@ Before you can save any changes, you need to enter your password in the form below. Then configure privacy and other site settings at your [[control panel|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]] (your control panel username is //" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + "//).",
"<<tiddler TspotControls>>",
"See also GettingStarted.",
"",
"@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working online// @@ You can edit this ~TiddlyWiki right now, and save your changes using the \"save to web\" button in the column on the right.",
"",
"@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working offline// @@ A fully functioning copy of this ~TiddlyWiki can be saved onto your hard drive or USB stick. You can make changes and save them locally without being connected to the Internet. When you're ready to sync up again, just click \"upload\" and your ~TiddlyWiki will be saved back to tiddlyspot.com.",
"",
"@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Help!// @@ Find out more about ~TiddlyWiki at [[TiddlyWiki.com|http://tiddlywiki.com]]. Also visit [[TiddlyWiki Guides|http://tiddlywikiguides.org]] for documentation on learning and using ~TiddlyWiki. New users are especially welcome on the [[TiddlyWiki mailing list|http://groups.google.com/group/TiddlyWiki]], which is an excellent place to ask questions and get help. If you have a tiddlyspot related problem email [[tiddlyspot support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]].",
"",
"@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Enjoy :)// @@ We hope you like using your tiddlyspot.com site. Please email [[feedback@tiddlyspot.com|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]] with any comments or suggestions."
].join("\n"),
'TspotControls':[
"| tiddlyspot password:|<<option pasUploadPassword>>|",
"| site management:|<<upload http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi index.html . . " + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ">>//(requires tiddlyspot password)//<<br>>[[control panel|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]], [[download (go offline)|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/download]]|",
"| links:|[[tiddlyspot.com|http://tiddlyspot.com/]], [[FAQs|http://faq.tiddlyspot.com/]], [[announcements|http://announce.tiddlyspot.com/]], [[blog|http://tiddlyspot.com/blog/]], email [[support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]] & [[feedback|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]], [[donate|http://tiddlyspot.com/?page=donate]]|"
].join("\n"),
'TspotSidebar':[
"<<upload http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi index.html . . " + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ">><html><a href='http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/download' class='button'>download</a></html>"
].join("\n"),
'TspotOptions':[
"tiddlyspot password:",
"<<option pasUploadPassword>>",
""
].join("\n")
});
//}}}
| !date | !user | !location | !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |
| 07/01/2008 13:28:03 | YourName | [[culturalstudies.html|file:///K:/wiki/culturalstudies.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 07/01/2008 15:24:45 | YourName | [[/|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 07/01/2008 15:31:06 | 文化研究 | [[/|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 07/01/2008 15:54:02 | 文化研究 | [[/|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 11/01/2008 22:39:28 | 文化研究 | [[culturalstudies.html|file:///C:/wiki/culturalstudies.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 11/01/2008 22:40:16 | 文化研究 | [[culturalstudies.html|file:///C:/wiki/culturalstudies.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok | ok |
| 11/01/2008 22:55:54 | 文化研究 | [[culturalstudies.html|file:///C:/wiki/culturalstudies.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 26/05/2008 22:29:28 | YourName | [[culturalstudies.html|file:///media/RESEARCH_____________________________/wiki/culturalstudies.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 01/06/2008 01:09:29 | | [[culturalstudies.html|file:///media/RESEARCH______________________________/wiki/culturalstudies.html#%E5%89%8D%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9D%20%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%20%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%20%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%20%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%B5%81%E6%B4%BE]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 01/06/2008 01:12:28 | culturalstudies | [[culturalstudies.html|file:///media/RESEARCH______________________________/wiki/culturalstudies.html#%E5%89%8D%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9D%20%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%20%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%20%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%20%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%B5%81%E6%B4%BE]] | [[store.cgi|http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://culturalstudies.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
/***
|''Name:''|PasswordOptionPlugin|
|''Description:''|Extends TiddlyWiki options with non encrypted password option.|
|''Version:''|1.0.2|
|''Date:''|Apr 19, 2007|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordOptionPlugin|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0 (Beta 5)|
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.PasswordOptionPlugin = {
major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 2,
date: new Date("Apr 19, 2007"),
source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordOptionPlugin',
author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',
license: '[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D]]',
coreVersion: '2.2.0 (Beta 5)'
};
config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel = "Save this password on this computer";
config.macros.option.passwordInputType = "password"; // password | text
setStylesheet(".pasOptionInput {width: 11em;}\n","passwordInputTypeStyle");
merge(config.macros.option.types, {
'pas': {
elementType: "input",
valueField: "value",
eventName: "onkeyup",
className: "pasOptionInput",
typeValue: config.macros.option.passwordInputType,
create: function(place,type,opt,className,desc) {
// password field
config.macros.option.genericCreate(place,'pas',opt,className,desc);
// checkbox linked with this password "save this password on this computer"
config.macros.option.genericCreate(place,'chk','chk'+opt,className,desc);
// text savePasswordCheckboxLabel
place.appendChild(document.createTextNode(config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel));
},
onChange: config.macros.option.genericOnChange
}
});
merge(config.optionHandlers['chk'], {
get: function(name) {
// is there an option linked with this chk ?
var opt = name.substr(3);
if (config.options[opt])
saveOptionCookie(opt);
return config.options[name] ? "true" : "false";
}
});
merge(config.optionHandlers, {
'pas': {
get: function(name) {
if (config.options["chk"+name]) {
return encodeCookie(config.options[name].toString());
} else {
return "";
}
},
set: function(name,value) {config.options[name] = decodeCookie(value);}
}
});
// need to reload options to load passwordOptions
loadOptionsCookie();
/*
if (!config.options['pasPassword'])
config.options['pasPassword'] = '';
merge(config.optionsDesc,{
pasPassword: "Test password"
});
*/
//}}}
/***
|''Name:''|UploadPlugin|
|''Description:''|Save to web a TiddlyWiki|
|''Version:''|4.1.0|
|''Date:''|May 5, 2007|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin|
|''Documentation:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPluginDoc|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0 (#3125)|
|''Requires:''|PasswordOptionPlugin|
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.UploadPlugin = {
major: 4, minor: 1, revision: 0,
date: new Date("May 5, 2007"),
source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin',
author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',
coreVersion: '2.2.0 (#3125)'
};
//
// Environment
//
if (!window.bidix) window.bidix = {}; // bidix namespace
bidix.debugMode = false; // true to activate both in Plugin and UploadService
//
// Upload Macro
//
config.macros.upload = {
// default values
defaultBackupDir: '', //no backup
defaultStoreScript: "store.php",
defaultToFilename: "index.html",
defaultUploadDir: ".",
authenticateUser: true // UploadService Authenticate User
};
config.macros.upload.label = {
promptOption: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki with UploadOptions",
promptParamMacro: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki in %0",
saveLabel: "save to web",
saveToDisk: "save to disk",
uploadLabel: "upload"
};
config.macros.upload.messages = {
noStoreUrl: "No store URL in parmeters or options",
usernameOrPasswordMissing: "Username or password missing"
};
config.macros.upload.handler = function(place,macroName,params) {
if (readOnly)
return;
var label;
if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http")
label = this.label.saveLabel;
else
label = this.label.uploadLabel;
var prompt;
if (params[0]) {
prompt = this.label.promptParamMacro.toString().format([this.destFile(params[0],
(params[1] ? params[1]:bidix.basename(window.location.toString())), params[3])]);
} else {
prompt = this.label.promptOption;
}
createTiddlyButton(place, label, prompt, function() {config.macros.upload.action(params);}, null, null, this.accessKey);
};
config.macros.upload.action = function(params)
{
// for missing macro parameter set value from options
var storeUrl = params[0] ? params[0] : config.options.txtUploadStoreUrl;
var toFilename = params[1] ? params[1] : config.options.txtUploadFilename;
var backupDir = params[2] ? params[2] : config.options.txtUploadBackupDir;
var uploadDir = params[3] ? params[3] : config.options.txtUploadDir;
var username = params[4] ? params[4] : config.options.txtUploadUserName;
var password = config.options.pasUploadPassword; // for security reason no password as macro parameter
// for still missing parameter set default value
if ((!storeUrl) && (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http"))
storeUrl = bidix.dirname(document.location.toString())+'/'+config.macros.upload.defaultStoreScript;
if (storeUrl.substr(0,4) != "http")
storeUrl = bidix.dirname(document.location.toString()) +'/'+ storeUrl;
if (!toFilename)
toFilename = bidix.basename(window.location.toString());
if (!toFilename)
toFilename = config.macros.upload.defaultToFilename;
if (!uploadDir)
uploadDir = config.macros.upload.defaultUploadDir;
if (!backupDir)
backupDir = config.macros.upload.defaultBackupDir;
// report error if still missing
if (!storeUrl) {
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.noStoreUrl);
clearMessage();
return false;
}
if (config.macros.upload.authenticateUser && (!username || !password)) {
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.usernameOrPasswordMissing);
clearMessage();
return false;
}
bidix.upload.uploadChanges(false,null,storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password);
return false;
};
config.macros.upload.destFile = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir)
{
if (!storeUrl)
return null;
var dest = bidix.dirname(storeUrl);
if (uploadDir && uploadDir != '.')
dest = dest + '/' + uploadDir;
dest = dest + '/' + toFilename;
return dest;
};
//
// uploadOptions Macro
//
config.macros.uploadOptions = {
handler: function(place,macroName,params) {
var wizard = new Wizard();
wizard.createWizard(place,this.wizardTitle);
wizard.addStep(this.step1Title,this.step1Html);
var markList = wizard.getElement("markList");
var listWrapper = document.createElement("div");
markList.parentNode.insertBefore(listWrapper,markList);
wizard.setValue("listWrapper",listWrapper);
this.refreshOptions(listWrapper,false);
var uploadCaption;
if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http")
uploadCaption = config.macros.upload.label.saveLabel;
else
uploadCaption = config.macros.upload.label.uploadLabel;
wizard.setButtons([
{caption: uploadCaption, tooltip: config.macros.upload.label.promptOption,
onClick: config.macros.upload.action},
{caption: this.cancelButton, tooltip: this.cancelButtonPrompt, onClick: this.onCancel}
]);
},
refreshOptions: function(listWrapper) {
var uploadOpts = [
"txtUploadUserName",
"pasUploadPassword",
"txtUploadStoreUrl",
"txtUploadDir",
"txtUploadFilename",
"txtUploadBackupDir",
"chkUploadLog",
"txtUploadLogMaxLine",
]
var opts = [];
for(i=0; i<uploadOpts.length; i++) {
var opt = {};
opts.push()
opt.option = "";
n = uploadOpts[i];
opt.name = n;
opt.lowlight = !config.optionsDesc[n];
opt.description = opt.lowlight ? this.unknownDescription : config.optionsDesc[n];
opts.push(opt);
}
var listview = ListView.create(listWrapper,opts,this.listViewTemplate);
for(n=0; n<opts.length; n++) {
var type = opts[n].name.substr(0,3);
var h = config.macros.option.types[type];
if (h && h.create) {
h.create(opts[n].colElements['option'],type,opts[n].name,opts[n].name,"no");
}
}
},
onCancel: function(e)
{
backstage.switchTab(null);
return false;
},
wizardTitle: "Upload with options",
step1Title: "These options are saved in cookies in your browser",
step1Html: "<input type='hidden' name='markList'></input><br>",
cancelButton: "Cancel",
cancelButtonPrompt: "Cancel prompt",
listViewTemplate: {
columns: [
{name: 'Description', field: 'description', title: "Description", type: 'WikiText'},
{name: 'Option', field: 'option', title: "Option", type: 'String'},
{name: 'Name', field: 'name', title: "Name", type: 'String'}
],
rowClasses: [
{className: 'lowlight', field: 'lowlight'}
]}
}
//
// upload functions
//
if (!bidix.upload) bidix.upload = {};
if (!bidix.upload.messages) bidix.upload.messages = {
//from saving
invalidFileError: "The original file '%0' does not appear to be a valid TiddlyWiki",
backupSaved: "Backup saved",
backupFailed: "Failed to upload backup file",
rssSaved: "RSS feed uploaded",
rssFailed: "Failed to upload RSS feed file",
emptySaved: "Empty template uploaded",
emptyFailed: "Failed to upload empty template file",
mainSaved: "Main TiddlyWiki file uploaded",
mainFailed: "Failed to upload main TiddlyWiki file. Your changes have not been saved",
//specific upload
loadOriginalHttpPostError: "Can't get original file",
aboutToSaveOnHttpPost: 'About to upload on %0 ...',
storePhpNotFound: "The store script '%0' was not found."
};
bidix.upload.uploadChanges = function(onlyIfDirty,tiddlers,storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir,backupDir,username,password)
{
var callback = function(status,uploadParams,original,url,xhr) {
if (!status) {
displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.loadOriginalHttpPostError);
return;
}
if (bidix.debugMode)
alert(original.substr(0,500)+"\n...");
// Locate the storeArea div's
var posDiv = locateStoreArea(original);
if((posDiv[0] == -1) || (posDiv[1] == -1)) {
alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([localPath]));
return;
}
bidix.upload.uploadRss(uploadParams,original,posDiv);
};
if(onlyIfDirty && !store.isDirty())
return;
clearMessage();
// save on localdisk ?
if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "file") {
var path = document.location.toString();
var localPath = getLocalPath(path);
saveChanges();
}
// get original
var uploadParams = Array(storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir,backupDir,username,password);
var originalPath = document.location.toString();
// If url is a directory : add index.html
if (originalPath.charAt(originalPath.length-1) == "/")
originalPath = originalPath + "index.html";
var dest = config.macros.upload.destFile(storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir);
var log = new bidix.UploadLog();
log.startUpload(storeUrl, dest, uploadDir, backupDir);
displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.aboutToSaveOnHttpPost.format([dest]));
if (bidix.debugMode)
alert("about to execute Http - GET on "+originalPath);
var r = doHttp("GET",originalPath,null,null,null,null,callback,uploadParams,null);
if (typeof r == "string")
displayMessage(r);
return r;
};
bidix.upload.uploadRss = function(uploadParams,original,posDiv)
{
var callback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
if(status) {
var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));
displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.rssSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+destfile);
bidix.upload.uploadMain(params[0],params[1],params[2]);
} else {
displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.rssFailed);
}
};
// do uploadRss
if(config.options.chkGenerateAnRssFeed) {
var rssPath = uploadParams[1].substr(0,uploadParams[1].lastIndexOf(".")) + ".xml";
var rssUploadParams = Array(uploadParams[0],rssPath,uploadParams[2],'',uploadParams[4],uploadParams[5]);
bidix.upload.httpUpload(rssUploadParams,convertUnicodeToUTF8(generateRss()),callback,Array(uploadParams,original,posDiv));
} else {
bidix.upload.uploadMain(uploadParams,original,posDiv);
}
};
bidix.upload.uploadMain = function(uploadParams,original,posDiv)
{
var callback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
var log = new bidix.UploadLog();
if(status) {
// if backupDir specified
if ((params[3]) && (responseText.indexOf("backupfile:") > -1)) {
var backupfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")+11,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")));
displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.backupSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+backupfile);
}
var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));
displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.mainSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+destfile);
store.setDirty(false);
log.endUpload("ok");
} else {
alert(bidix.upload.messages.mainFailed);
displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.mainFailed);
log.endUpload("failed");
}
};
// do uploadMain
var revised = bidix.upload.updateOriginal(original,posDiv);
bidix.upload.httpUpload(uploadParams,revised,callback,uploadParams);
};
bidix.upload.httpUpload = function(uploadParams,data,callback,params)
{
var localCallback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
url = (url.indexOf("nocache=") < 0 ? url : url.substring(0,url.indexOf("nocache=")-1));
if (xhr.status == httpStatus.NotFound)
alert(bidix.upload.messages.storePhpNotFound.format([url]));
if ((bidix.debugMode) || (responseText.indexOf("Debug mode") >= 0 )) {
alert(responseText);
if (responseText.indexOf("Debug mode") >= 0 )
responseText = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("\n\n")+2);
} else if (responseText.charAt(0) != '0')
alert(responseText);
if (responseText.charAt(0) != '0')
status = null;
callback(status,params,responseText,url,xhr);
};
// do httpUpload
var boundary = "---------------------------"+"AaB03x";
var uploadFormName = "UploadPlugin";
// compose headers data
var sheader = "";
sheader += "--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-disposition: form-data; name=\"";
sheader += uploadFormName +"\"\r\n\r\n";
sheader += "backupDir="+uploadParams[3] +
";user=" + uploadParams[4] +
";password=" + uploadParams[5] +
";uploaddir=" + uploadParams[2];
if (bidix.debugMode)
sheader += ";debug=1";
sheader += ";;\r\n";
sheader += "\r\n" + "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
sheader += "Content-disposition: form-data; name=\"userfile\"; filename=\""+uploadParams[1]+"\"\r\n";
sheader += "Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8" + "\r\n";
sheader += "Content-Length: " + data.length + "\r\n\r\n";
// compose trailer data
var strailer = new String();
strailer = "\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
data = sheader + data + strailer;
if (bidix.debugMode) alert("about to execute Http - POST on "+uploadParams[0]+"\n with \n"+data.substr(0,500)+ " ... ");
var r = doHttp("POST",uploadParams[0],data,"multipart/form-data; boundary="+boundary,uploadParams[4],uploadParams[5],localCallback,params,null);
if (typeof r == "string")
displayMessage(r);
return r;
};
// same as Saving's updateOriginal but without convertUnicodeToUTF8 calls
bidix.upload.updateOriginal = function(original, posDiv)
{
if (!posDiv)
posDiv = locateStoreArea(original);
if((posDiv[0] == -1) || (posDiv[1] == -1)) {
alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([localPath]));
return;
}
var revised = original.substr(0,posDiv[0] + startSaveArea.length) + "\n" +
store.allTiddlersAsHtml() + "\n" +
original.substr(posDiv[1]);
var newSiteTitle = getPageTitle().htmlEncode();
revised = revised.replaceChunk("<title"+">","</title"+">"," " + newSiteTitle + " ");
revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"PRE-HEAD","MarkupPreHead");
revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"POST-HEAD","MarkupPostHead");
revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"PRE-BODY","MarkupPreBody");
revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"POST-SCRIPT","MarkupPostBody");
return revised;
};
//
// UploadLog
//
// config.options.chkUploadLog :
// false : no logging
// true : logging
// config.options.txtUploadLogMaxLine :
// -1 : no limit
// 0 : no Log lines but UploadLog is still in place
// n : the last n lines are only kept
// NaN : no limit (-1)
bidix.UploadLog = function() {
if (!config.options.chkUploadLog)
return; // this.tiddler = null
this.tiddler = store.getTiddler("UploadLog");
if (!this.tiddler) {
this.tiddler = new Tiddler();
this.tiddler.title = "UploadLog";
this.tiddler.text = "| !date | !user | !location | !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |";
this.tiddler.created = new Date();
this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
}
return this;
};
bidix.UploadLog.prototype.addText = function(text) {
if (!this.tiddler)
return;
// retrieve maxLine when we need it
var maxLine = parseInt(config.options.txtUploadLogMaxLine,10);
if (isNaN(maxLine))
maxLine = -1;
// add text
if (maxLine != 0)
this.tiddler.text = this.tiddler.text + text;
// Trunck to maxLine
if (maxLine >= 0) {
var textArray = this.tiddler.text.split('\n');
if (textArray.length > maxLine + 1)
textArray.splice(1,textArray.length-1-maxLine);
this.tiddler.text = textArray.join('\n');
}
// update tiddler fields
this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
// refresh and notifiy for immediate update
story.refreshTiddler(this.tiddler.title);
store.notify(this.tiddler.title, true);
};
bidix.UploadLog.prototype.startUpload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir) {
if (!this.tiddler)
return;
var now = new Date();
var text = "\n| ";
var filename = bidix.basename(document.location.toString());
if (!filename) filename = '/';
text += now.formatString("0DD/0MM/YYYY 0hh:0mm:0ss") +" | ";
text += config.options.txtUserName + " | ";
text += "[["+filename+"|"+location + "]] |";
text += " [[" + bidix.basename(storeUrl) + "|" + storeUrl + "]] | ";
text += uploadDir + " | ";
text += "[[" + bidix.basename(toFilename) + " | " +toFilename + "]] | ";
text += backupDir + " |";
this.addText(text);
};
bidix.UploadLog.prototype.endUpload = function(status) {
if (!this.tiddler)
return;
this.addText(" "+status+" |");
};
//
// Utilities
//
bidix.checkPlugin = function(plugin, major, minor, revision) {
var ext = version.extensions[plugin];
if (!
(ext &&
((ext.major > major) ||
((ext.major == major) && (ext.minor > minor)) ||
((ext.major == major) && (ext.minor == minor) && (ext.revision >= revision))))) {
// write error in PluginManager
if (pluginInfo)
pluginInfo.log.push("Requires " + plugin + " " + major + "." + minor + "." + revision);
eval(plugin); // generate an error : "Error: ReferenceError: xxxx is not defined"
}
};
bidix.dirname = function(filePath) {
if (!filePath)
return;
var lastpos;
if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
return filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
} else {
return filePath.substring(0, filePath.lastIndexOf("\\"));
}
};
bidix.basename = function(filePath) {
if (!filePath)
return;
var lastpos;
if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("#")) != -1)
filePath = filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
return filePath.substring(lastpos + 1);
} else
return filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
};
bidix.initOption = function(name,value) {
if (!config.options[name])
config.options[name] = value;
};
//
// Initializations
//
// require PasswordOptionPlugin 1.0.1 or better
bidix.checkPlugin("PasswordOptionPlugin", 1, 0, 1);
// styleSheet
setStylesheet('.txtUploadStoreUrl, .txtUploadBackupDir, .txtUploadDir {width: 22em;}',"uploadPluginStyles");
//optionsDesc
merge(config.optionsDesc,{
txtUploadStoreUrl: "Url of the UploadService script (default: store.php)",
txtUploadFilename: "Filename of the uploaded file (default: in index.html)",
txtUploadDir: "Relative Directory where to store the file (default: . (downloadService directory))",
txtUploadBackupDir: "Relative Directory where to backup the file. If empty no backup. (default: ''(empty))",
txtUploadUserName: "Upload Username",
pasUploadPassword: "Upload Password",
chkUploadLog: "do Logging in UploadLog (default: true)",
txtUploadLogMaxLine: "Maximum of lines in UploadLog (default: 10)"
});
// Options Initializations
bidix.initOption('txtUploadStoreUrl','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadFilename','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadDir','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadBackupDir','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadUserName','');
bidix.initOption('pasUploadPassword','');
bidix.initOption('chkUploadLog',true);
bidix.initOption('txtUploadLogMaxLine','10');
/* don't want this for tiddlyspot sites
// Backstage
merge(config.tasks,{
uploadOptions: {text: "upload", tooltip: "Change UploadOptions and Upload", content: '<<uploadOptions>>'}
});
config.backstageTasks.push("uploadOptions");
*/
//}}}
[[Gehao Zhang|http://gehaozhang.tiddlyspot.com]] © CSCS
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function setFooter() {
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if (windowHeight>0) {
var contentHeight= document.getElementById('mainMenu').offsetHeight + document.getElementById("header").offsetHeight + document.getElementById("contentFooter").offsetHeight;
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menu.style.marginBottom=(windowHeight-(contentHeight))+'px';
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menu.style.position='';
menu.style.marginBottom='';
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}
window.onresize = function() {
setFooter();
}
Story.prototype.refreshTiddler_footerhack=Story.prototype.refreshTiddler;
Story.prototype.refreshTiddler = function (title,template,force)
{
var theTiddler = Story.prototype.refreshTiddler_footerhack.apply(this,arguments);
setFooter();
return theTiddler;}
//}}}
Type the text for '[[《东方学》'
章节目录
I. Approaching Abjection
2. Something To Be Scared Of
3. From Filth to Defilement
4. Semiotics of Biblical Abomination
5. . . . Qui Tollis Peccata Mundi
6. Céline: Neither Actor nor Martyr
7. Suffering and Horror
8. Those Females Who Can Wreck the Infinite
9. "Ours To Jew or Die"
10. In the Beginning and Without End . . .
11. Powers of Horror
参见[[抑斥]]、[[克里斯蒂瓦]]
Imagined Community : Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
《想象的共同体》是[[本尼迪克特．安德森]]教授讨论[[民族主义]]的专着，原书出版于一九八七年，一九九一年修正。现在已成当代经典,影响所及几乎横跨所有人文与社会学科，是当代文史社会科学学生必读之书，同时也是在理解人类社会诸多现象时，不可或缺的指引；此书已经翻译为法语、德语、荷兰语、挪威语、瑞典语、土耳其语、塞尔维亚-克罗埃西亚语、西班牙语、葡萄牙、希伯来文、日文、韩文、希腊文、保加利亚文、阿拉伯文、印度尼西亚文与中文；此外、哈萨克文、俄文、罗马尼亚文、乔治亚文与拉托维亚文等译本都即将付梓。
◆ 目录
第二版序
第一章 导论
第二章 文化根源
第三章 民族意识的起源
第四章 欧裔海外移民先驱者
第五章 旧语言，新模型
第六章 官方民族主义和帝国主义
第七章 最后一波
第八章 爱国主义和种族主义
第九章 历史的天使
第十章 人口调查、地图、博物馆
第十一章 记忆与遗忘
The Uses of Literacy: Changing Patterns in English Mass Culture. Contributors: Richard Hoggart - author. Publisher: Beacon Press. Place of Publication: Boston. Publication Year: 1961.
目录
CONTENTS
Preface
Part One: An 'Older' Order
I WHO ARE 'THE WORKING-CLASSES'?
a. Questions of Approach
b. A Rough Definition
II LANDSCAPE WITH FIGURES-A SETTING
a. An Oral Tradition: Resistance and Adaptation: A Formal Way of Life
b. 'There's No Place Like Home'
c. Mother
d. Father
e. The Neighbourhood
III 'THEM' AND 'US'
a. 'Them': 'Self-Respect'
b. 'Us'-the Best and the Worst of It
c. 'Putting Up with Things': 'Living and Letting Live'
IV THE 'REAL' WORLD OF PEOPLE
a. The Personal and the Concrete
b. 'Primary Religion'
c. Illustrations from Popular Art-Peg's Paper
V THE FULL RICH LIFE
a. The Immediate, the Present, the Cheerful: Fate and Luck
b. 'The Biggest Aspidistra in the World': Excursions into the 'Baroque'
c. Illustrations from Popular Art-Club-Singing
Part Two: Yielding Place to New
VI UNBENDING THE SPRINGS OF ACTION
a. Introductory
b. Tolerance and Freedom
c. 'Everybody's Doing It Now' or 'The Gang's All Here': The Group Sense and Democratic Egalitarianism
d. Living in the Present and 'Progressivism'
e. Indifferentism: 'Personalisation' and 'Fragmentation'
VII INVITATIONS TO A CANDY-FLOSS WORLD: THE NEWER MASS ART
a. The Producers
b. The Process Illustrated: (i) Weekly Family Magazines
c. The Process Illustrated: (ii) Commercial Popular Songs
d. The Results
VIII THE NEWER MASS ART: SEX IN
SHINY PACKETS
a. The Juke-Box Boys
b. The 'Spicy' Magazines
c. Sex-and-violence Novels
IX UNBENT SPRINGS: A NOTE ON A SCEPTICISM WITHOUT TENSION
a. Scepticism to Cynicism
b. Some Allegorical Figures
X UNBENT SPRINGS: A NOTE ON THE UPROOTED AND THE ANXIOUS
a. Scholarship Boy
b. The Place of Culture: A Nostalgia for Ideals
XI CONCLUSION
a. Resilience
b. Summary of Present Tendencies in Mass Culture
Notes and References
Bibliography
Index
东方主义是西方对近及远东社会文化、语言及人文的研究。它亦可意为西方作家、设计师及艺术家对东方的模仿及描绘。
以东方主义形容西方对东方的研究是有负面意思的，大意是指该研究者抱着十八、十九世纪的欧洲帝国主义态度来理解东方世界，又或是指外来人对东方文化及人文的旧式及带有偏见的理解。
![[萨义德]]与东方主义
[[萨义德]]于1978年在他富争议的名著《东方主义》里清晰表达并宣扬了这个观点，批评这种学术传统以及一些现代学者，例如普林斯顿大学的Bernard Lewis教授，和[文明冲突论]]学者，耶鲁大学教授塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿博士。萨义德认为，东方主义属于西方建构产物，旨在为东西建立一个明显的分野，从而突出西方文化的优越性；而在法国和英国要让东方国家如阿尔及利亚﹑埃及﹑印度成为殖民地的时候，这种思想形态便在政治上有利用价值。
[[萨义德]]认为，这种建构及论述，与那些国家的真实面貌几乎毫无关系。即使西方人要重新认识东方，他们大都跳不出这种论述的框框。
[[狄奥多·阿多诺]]
[[本尼迪克特．安德森]]
[[罗兰·巴特]]
[[雅克·德里达]]
[[米歇尔·福柯]]
[[安东尼奥·葛兰西]]
[[麦克斯·霍克海默]]
[[雅克·拉康]]
[[爱德华·沃第尔·萨义德]]
[[斯拉沃热·齐泽克]]
传播Communication
*共享说：“传播就是变独有为共有的过程。”——戈德
*互动关系说：“传播可以定义为通过讯息进行的社会的相互作用。”——格伯纳
*符号说：“运用符号——词语、画片、数字、图表等传递信息、思想、感情、技术等。这种传递的行动或过程通常称为传播。”——贝雷尔森和塞纳
*目的、影响、反应说：传播是“某个人（传播者）传递刺激（通常是语言的）以影响另一些人（接受者）行为的过程。”——霍夫兰
传播是一种行为，一种过程。传播的两个要素：1、信息——传播行为的内容；2、流动——传播行为的方式。因此，传播，就是信息的流动过程。
传播学研究社会上[[信息]]流通的渠道、演化、对社会的影响等。
![[传播学史]]
人类自从有以文字及语言沟通以来，[[传播]]这过程一直在进行，但是，[[传播]]成为专门学科，却是在二十世纪的美国开始发展，不少大学在二十世纪中开始成立新闻传播学院。
!学科分支
* [[传播史]]
* [[大众传播]]
* 网络传播学
* [[组织传播]]
* [[传播效果]]: 传播学的微观研究，分析如何有效传递讯息，控制噪音的负作用。
* 科技传播
* [[媒介文化]]
* 广告学
* 公共关系学
* [[媒体素养]]
* [[传播生态学]]
!传播学的研究对象
1、人类传播的产生与发展： 传播思想、传播实践、传播技术的发展
2、人类传播的形态： [[自我传播]]、[[人际传播]]、[[组织传播]]、[[大众传播]]等基本类型、[[跨文化传播]]、[[发展传播]]、[[新闻]]、[[舆论]]、[[宣传]]、[[广告]]、[[公关]]、[[营销]]等
3、人类传播的过程与结构
*宏观层面：传播与社会
*微观层面：传播内部过程、传播产业、传媒机构
!参看
* 报纸
* 电台
* 电视台
* [[大众传媒]]
* [[小众传媒]]
传播学作为一门学科，孕育于20世纪上半叶，形成于20世纪下半叶，首先诞生在美国。
1、政治：美国的政治生活；两次世界大战。
2、经济：广告的发展；大众传播业的发展。
3、社会：正面影响；负面影响。
4、学术：社会学、心理学、新闻学、政治学、符号学、语言学等；三论：信息论、控制论、系统论。
!传播学的四大先驱
1、政治学家拉斯维尔：五W模式；传播的三大社会功能；内容分析法。
2、心理学家卢因：团体动力论；“把关人”；实验法。
3、社会学家拉扎斯菲尔德：两级传播论；哥伦比亚学派；调查研究法。
4、社会心理学家霍夫兰：态度说服理论；耶鲁学派；实验法。
!传播学的鼻祖和创建者：威尔伯•施拉姆（1907~1987）
*对前人的传播研究加以系统化、正规化、完善化，创立了传播学。
*一生写了30多部传播学论著：《报刊的四种理论》、《大众传播媒介与国家发展》、《男人、女人、讯息和媒介：人类传播概览》（《传播学概论》）等
*大力推进传播学教育，创立了四个传播研究机构，形成了“施拉姆学派”。
*传播学的发展：1、麦克鲁汉的奇谈怪论；2、传统学派的发展；3、批判学派的理论
!学术定义
Vincent Mosco (1996): 对社会(权力)关系与传播产品的生产、流通、消费的相互构建的研究
Dan Schiller (1999: 90):
分析政治经济压力与限制对传播与文化实践的影响、导致资本或多或少左右内容与形式
研究传播产业在信息化全球资本主义资本积累过程中的上升地位
Robert ~McChesney (2000:111):
分析媒介和传播系统与社会结构的关系，也即媒介与传播系统及内容如何强化、挑战或影响现有的阶级与其它社会关系，并强调经济因素对政治和社会关系的影响
审视所有权、支持机制(如广告) 和政府政策对媒体行为与内容的影响, 强调结构性因素与劳动过程对传播的生产、流通、消费的影响
IAMCR定义：有关传播领域权力结构如何运作, 尤其是在信息转化为商品过程中如何运作的研究
关键词：权力(power), 决定(determination)
把握权力的多维性、多主体性和双向性(both productive and restrictive)
克服机械的决定论 (Raymond Williams):
规定限制与施加压力 (setting limits and exerting pressures);
鼓励和倾向某类选择(encouraging and preferring certain options over others)
!学术理论渊源
古典政治经济学: 对正在形成的资本主义的阐述与合法化
马克思主义政治经济学作为激进政治经济学的一部分对古典政治经济学和资本主义本身的双重批判
!传播政治经济学的起源
A. 反法西斯主义理论与实践
Robert Brady/Dallas Smythe/Herbert Schiller
Armand & Michele Mattelart
Dan Schiller: “媒介，尤其是正在出现的电影和广播传播系统，是如何把工人阶级的革命直觉(revolutionary instincts) 平复和淡化的？”
B. 反帝反殖民族解放运动，对世界经济文化不平等的挑战： “Third Worldism”/亚非拉
C. 西方国家内部的“新左”社会运动
!学术地位
对权力的挑战必然受到权力(包括学术权力)的压制
缺少资助
缺少体制支持
70年代黄金期; 80-90年代稳定发展
目前重要性凸显、人才紧缺
国际学术地位：UDC, IAMCR/PE Division/
!传播政治经济学学术取向
1)Vincent Mosco:
Prioritizing Social Transformation and Historical Change vs. naturalizing the history of capitalism
置传播现象于资本主义社会的起源与转型的大背景之下
历史感：认为资本主义制度既有历史、变革，就有被另类社会政治经济组织方式取代的可能
2) 分析社会整体
去媒介中心论 (decentering the media)
避免传播本质主义 (Avoiding communication essentialism)
关注政经之间的相互构建关系、强调“经济是一种权力系统” (Business as a System of Power) vs 自由民主资本主义制度下政经在形式上的分离
capital and state are not external to each other, power is embedded in both markets and state institutions
Max Horkheimer: 谁不想提资本主义就应当对法西斯主义保持沉默 (Anyone “who does not wish to speak of capitalism should be silent about fascism”)
3)有明晰的伦理哲学/价值宣称 -- 女性主义的 “standpoint theory”/“situated knowledge” 理论 vs 经济问题与社会价值问题分开的和犬儒主义
Golding & Murdoch: “最重要的可能是，政治经济学超越有关效益的技术兴问题而关注正义，平等和公益这些基本的道德问题。
Adams Smith – A moral philosopher
Marx: a society not based on class power but on satisfying human needs
研究什么样的问题，谁的问题：“最重要的是，传播学的研究议程最终将会是由被压制的民族、阶级、种族、人民的表达的需要来决定。在这种情景下，还有什么比对那些为新的、更有人性的社会形式而争斗的人有用而更给人以动力呢？” (H. Schiller, “Critical Research in the Information Age,” J of Comm 33:3, 257)
Mark Poster 在北京论坛上发问: disruptive from whose perspective?
4) 实践性 (praxis): 知与行的辩证关系/研究与社会干预的统一
!传播政治经济学分析模式主要组成部分
1)提供背景/语境 (contextualizing)
置传播现象于资本主义社会起源、巩固、转型和对其不平等权力关系的维护与挑战的大背景之下 (e.g. James Curran, “The Press as an Agency of Social Control”)
“文化帝国主义概念是对一系列把一个社会卷入现代世界体系的过程的总和的描述。它是关于这个社会的统治阶层是如何受到引诱，压力，强迫，有时是贿赂，以至把这一社会制度塑造成与现代世界体系的统治中心的价值观和社会结构相适应，甚至宏扬这些价值观和社会结构.” (Herbert Schiller, Communication and Cultural Domination, 1976).
关注资本主义发展过程中资本积累方式的演变及传播在演变中的地位与作用 –e.g. David Harvey, 从福特主义到灵活积累; 剥夺积累 (Accumulation by Dispossession)
全球视角-超越方法论上的民族主义 (methodological nationalism vs my own “transcultural PE: “中国传播产业与入世：一种跨文化政治经济学视角” )
全面地、历史地理解资本主义与自由民主的关系 – liberal democracy as ONE particular/the preferred political form of capitalism as a social economic system
“我不认为我们为什么让一个国家因为她的人民的不负责而走向马克思主义” (“I don’t see why we have to let a country go Marxist just because its people are irresponsible” (in G. Sussman, 1997: 223).
“实际存在社会主义” 是否对福利资本主义的形成有贡献？
2)图绘
图绘权力场域与控制机制 (mapping the field of power and mechanisms of control)
Dan Schiller: PE通过对传播和文化与政治经济势力的关系的图绘来增加我们对有关社会形态的知识
Nicholas Garnham: 政治经济学者作为公共知识分子的贡献在于”提供在资本主义社会形态中有关统治的结构与抗争的场域的一幅地图”
政治经济权力中心与传播权力中心的相互构建关系：国家、传媒、社会力量的互动
(Herbert Schiller: 经济实力与信息控制、形像制造、舆论构建的融合是新权力的本质, Communication and American Empire, p. 1)
传播政治经济过程 – commodification, spatialization, structuation
单个权力中心间的关系 (e.g：传播军事工业复合体-”communications military-industrial coalition” 军事娱乐复合体-“military-entertainment complex”)
国际文化劳动分工(“Whose Hollywood? ”)
网络权力的节点 (nodes of networked power) (“global city,” “informational city,” ”media capital”)
在图绘过程中
关注权力的动态特征 (pay attention to the “play” of power, Golding & Murdock, 1991:18)
关注权力关系的复杂交错表现: “很多具体的变量在具体的个案中以不同的方式组合、影响着结果…政治经济学就是在这样的远非清晰、事实上极其交错复杂的社会领域中构建起来的” (Herbert Schiller, Information and Crisis Economy, 1984: 83)
关注制度的内在矛盾、权力结构间的裂缝、与偶然性
关注抗争势力的作用及其内部构成 (Nick Dyer-Witheford, Cyber-Marx)
3）衡量 (measuring/evaluating)
传播业在经济中的地位 (意义的生产从属于资本积累的程度)
传播产业所有权的集中/多元化程度
国家权力、传播机构、广告、市场逻辑对内容、形式和受众群体组成的影响程度
传播资源和权利在阶级、性别、种族、地区、国家间的分配
制度许诺与制度实现间的差距
解放与压制 (liberation vs domination)
新闻自由的宣称与实际上的” 制造共识 “
集中的产业结构与民主体制 (Peabody Seminar)
新自由主义经济宣称(竞争、机会)与市场权力及不平等的深化
4）干预 (Intervening/praxis)
前提：“reasoned utopia” (布尔迪厄 Bourdieu, “A reasoned utopia and economic fatalism,” NLR, 1998: 125-30); “另一个世界是可能的”
目标：挑战不平等社会关系、扩展自由、 深化民主
理论基础：”政治实践成为思想的深化剂；分析成为政治行为干预形式与场域的增生剂” (political practice as an intensifier of thought, and analysis as a multiplier of the forms and domains for the intervention of political action” (Foucault, 2002: Anti-Oedipus, xiv)
两种干预途径：
*通过国家的改革：参与传播政策过程，使之民主化, 以“民主” “公民权利” “参与” 等理念为理想价值目标
**“The State acts as the ground upon which struggle over justice is fought out and through which a just social order might be realized” (Garnham, in Cultural Studies in Question 1997: 68)
**“knock down the door and draw some more chairs up to the table” (McChesney & Schiller, 2002).
*非政府的途径：参与社会运动和非政府组织传播活动，关注有关意义的抗争，
**先锋知识分子政治模式 (vanguardist intellectual politics)
**参与式行动研究 Affinity-based tactics of intervention/participatory action research
!传播政治经济研究前沿课题
传播与跨国媒介集团在全球政治经济中的中心地位
全球政治经济由各国公司、政府机构和影响全球和本土权力关系的阶级组合的构建
有关传播资源的控制问题导致的冲突
劳工对愈加精细的国际传媒分工的后果的干预和妇女及弱势种族对全球传播权力不平等的抗争
传播中的社会运动、日益私有化的视听空间中的公共领域状态、一个把人们主要当作消费者的世界中的公民身份状态
理解与分析网络资本主义时代权力广泛分布但结构上不对称、灵活性与控制共存的现象 (networked power and flexibilized control): “How does control exist after decentralization?”
解释信息与传播在后9/11政治经济中的核心地位： repression, legitimation, and accumulation
描述政经权力对传播领域控制的深入：监视研究 (Surveillance research)/(IAMCR Prize); Dan Schiller: “A growing fusion between profit-making business and state power in their joint endeavor to protect information as private property while neutralizing or deflecting threats to the market system more generally.”
知识产权问题：资本和社会力量围绕对人类知识共同体的新圈地运动和反圈地运动 (Mark Poster)
解释网络与信息服务迅速增长条件下新的不平等以及新媒介条件下阶级统治关系在新领域的建立与维护
国际文化整合的新形式及其意义 - 从产品进口到直接投资和分工生产
劳工问题：知识工人的状况，”immaterial labor,” “precarious labor”/precarity
全球社会运动、市民社会、媒体改革运动与另类媒体理论与实践 (开始关注右翼媒体动员)
!研究取向方面
从聚焦阶级主体到关注多元社会变革主体 (“ the multitude” in Empire); 阶级权力关系与其它权力关系 (性别、种族，民族国家等) 的主次轻重问题
克服西方中心与男权中心的倾向 Sex & Money: Feminism and Political Economy in the Media; Chakravatty & Zhao; Global Media and Communication)
在分析中既聚焦结构又关注主体性，在方法论上寻求宏观和微观的结合，使宏观全球政治经济与微观的个人主体性塑造相连接。这一问题现在更为迫切， 因为资本主义生产方式已不仅是通过“全球扩张”(planetary expansion) 而更多的是通过 ” 细胞渗透“ (molecular infiltration) 来运作 (政经研究与文化研究结合，政治经济学家做民族志).
本辞条由赵月枝教授在中国传媒大学的演讲改写而成。
1、符号和信号时代：开始于早期类人灵长类到早期猿人的进化时期
2、口语时代：开始于9万年到4万年前
3、文字时代：开始于5000年到3500年前
4、印刷时代：开始于公元450年
5、大众传播时代：开始于19世纪中期
6、网络传播时代：开始于20世纪80年代
!人类传播的四次飞跃：
1、第一次飞跃：从本能传播到主动传播；2、第二次飞跃：4万年前，语言产生；3、第三次飞跃：3500年前，文字产生；4、第四次飞跃：19世纪中叶，近代传播工具诞生；5、第五次飞跃：？
!施拉姆的“最后7分钟”比喻：
如果把人类的历史共有100万年，假设这等于一天。
1天=100万年；1小时=41666.67年；1秒钟=11.57年
那么这一天中，人类文明的进展如下：
晚上9点33分，出现了原始语言（10万年前）
晚上11点，出现了正式语言（4万年前）
晚上11点53分，出现了文字（3500年前）
午夜前46秒，古登堡发明了近代印刷术（1450年）
午夜前5秒，电视首次公开展出（1926年）
午夜前3秒，电子计算机、晶体管、人造卫星问世（分别为1946、1947、1957年）
因此，施拉姆说：“这一天的前23个小时，在人类传播史上几乎全部是空白，一切重大的发展都集中在这一天的最后7分钟。”
!人类传播的演进规律：
（一）传播手段与传播媒介随着人类发展而不断进步，不断打破时空界限，不断创造人类新的经验类型。 1、加速度发展趋势。2、传播方式是叠加的。
（二）传播与人类社会文化的积累与发展密切相关。
传播的类型
*传播
**非人类传播
***非社会传播：自我传播
**人类传播
***社会传播
****人际传播
****组织传播
****大众传播
传播的四种基本类型：自我传播、人际传播、组织传播、大众传播
以下为伯明翰大学社会学系所存伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心铅印论文目录
THEORIES AND METHODS
No. 1 - A 'Reading' of Marx's 1857 Introduction to the Grundrisse - by Stuart Hall, 1973. 73p-price Code - L
No. 2 - Theories of Social Stratification -by Adrlan Mellor, 1972, 21pp - Price Code - K
No 6 - Introduction to the Structural Analysis of the Narrative, by Roland Barthes, 1973, pp 34 - Price Code - Y
No. 32 - Framing the Arts: The Role of the Cultural Institution - by John Clarke, 1975, llpp - Price Code - 3
No. 44 - Critique of Community Studies and its Role in Social Thought - by Fieldwork Group, 1976, 20pp - Price Code - J
No.49 - Exposition and Critique of Julia Kristeva. by Allon White, 1977, pp 21 - Price Code - Y
No. 46 - Translation of Pierre Bourdieu The Culture Field and the Economic Field' - by Richard Nice, 1977, 16pp - Pricc Code - J
No. 47 - Issues and Problems in the Decentralising of Cultural Planning - by Michael Green, 1977, 52pp - Price Code - L
No. 51 - Gramsci's Writing on the State and Hegemony, by Bob Lumley, 1977, 54pp - Price Code - K
No. 55 - Mass Observation - A Short History, by Tom Jeffery, 1978, pp 72 - Price Code - Y
No. 56 - Three Problematics: Elements of a Theory of Working Class Culture, by Richard Johnson, 1979, pp 64 - Price Code - Z
No. 61 - The Cultural Study of Music: A Theoretical and Methodological Introduction - by Dick Bradley, 1980, 69pp - Price Code - L
No. 74 - What is Cultural Studies Anyway? - By Richard Johnson, 1983, 48pp- Price Code - L
No. 79 - Working for the Best Ethnograpy - By Bob Hollands, 1985, 35pp - Price Code - Y
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EDUCATION
No. 52 - Social Democracy, Education and the Crisis - by CCCS Education Group, 1977, 73pp Price Code - L
No. 57 - Government Youth Training Policy and its impact on Further Education - by Merilyn Moos, 1979, 65 pp - Price Code -L
No. 64 - Some Uses of English: Denys Thompson and the Development of English in Secondary Schools - by BIian Doyle, 1981, 45pp - Price Code - K
No. 73 - Cumculum Innovation in F.E.: A Case Study - by James Avis, 1983, 34pp - Price Code - K
No. 80 - Ideologies of Adult Literacy: Politics and Practice - by Mariette Clare, 1985, - 60pp - Price Code - Z
No 72 - Fighting over Peace: Representatians of CND in the Media, October 1981 - by CCCS Media Group, 1982, 90pp - Price Code - L
No. 78 - Television and the North - by Esther Adams, 1985, 58pp - Price Code- K
No. 85 - 'Life's more fun with your Number One Sun' Interviews with some Sun Readers, By Mark Pursehouse, 1987, 35pp - Price Code - L
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'RACE'
No. 24 - Reggae, Rastas and Ruddies: Style and the Subversion of Form, by Dick Hebdige, 1974, pp 44 - Price Code - Y
No. 58 - Multicultural Fictions - by Hazel V. Carby, 1979, 30pp - Price Code- K
No 62 - On the Political Economy of Black Labour and the Racial Structuring of the Working Class in England - by Andy Green, 1979, 5lpp - Price Code - K
No. 66 - Common Sense Racism and the Sociology of Race Relations, by Errol Lawrence, 1981, pp 60, Price Code - Z
Race and the Provincial Press: Report to UNESCO, by Chas Critcher, 215 - Price Code - Z
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POPULAR CULTURE. SUBCULTURES
No. 12 - The Politics of Popular Culture, by Bryn Jones, 1972, pp 5 - Price Code - J
No. 13 - Symbolism and Practice: The Social Meaning of Pop Music, by Paul Willis, 1974, pp 40 - Price Code - Y
No. 14 - Politics and Popular Culture: Culture and Sub-Culture - by John Clarke and Tony Jefferson, 1974, lOpp - Price Code - J
No. 16 - The Hippies: An American Moment, by Stuart Hall, 1968, 36pp - Price Code - Y
No 17 - Down these Mean Streets - The Meaning of Mugging, by Tony Jefferson and John Clarke, 1973, pp 25 - Price Code Y
No. 18 - Working Class Youth Cultures - by Tony Jefferson and John Clarke, 1973, 25pp - Price Code - K
No. 20 - The Style of the Mods, by Dick Hebdige, 1971, pp 12 - Price Code- K
No. 21 - The Kray Twins: A Study of the System of Clogure, by Dick Hebdige, 1974, pp 68 - Price Code - Z
No. 22 - The Teds: a Political Resurrection - by Tony Jefferson, 1973, 14pp - Price Code - J
No. 23 - The Skinheads and the Study of Youth Culture - by John Clarke, 1974, 21pp - Price Code - K
No. 25 - Sub-Cultural Conflict and Criminal Performance in Fulham - by Dick Hebdige, 1974, 89pp - Price Code - L
No. 28 - Parent and Youth Culture, by Brian Roberts, 1973, pp8 - Price Code - J
No. 29 - Football since the War: Study in Social Change and Popular Culture - by Chas Critcher, 1974, 32pp - Price Code - K
No. 35 - Mugging and Law 'n' Order, by Tony lefferson et al, 1975, pp 52 - Price Code Z
No. 37 - Newsmaking and Crime (paper at NACRO conference)- by John Clarke, 1975, 18pp - Price Code- J
No. 41 - The Three Rs - Repression, Rescue and Rehabilitation - by John Clarke, 1975, 22pp - Price Code J
No. 42 - Football Hooliganism and the Skinheads - by John Clarke, 1973, 21pp - Price Code - J
No 60 - Popular Literature in the Third Reich: Observations on the 'Groschenroman' - by Helga Ryan, 1978, 78pp - Price Code - L
No. 71 - Defending Ski Jumpers: A Critique of Theories of Youth Subculture, by Gary Clarke, 1982, pp 39 - Price Code- Y
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WORK
No. 27 - Transition from School to Work Bibliography - by Paul Willis, 1973, 12pp - Price Code - J
No. 33 - Human Experience and Material Production: Shop Floor Culture - by Paul Willis, 1975, 19pp - Price Code - J
No. 38 - The Main Reality: Transition School/Work; SSRC Report - by Paul Willis, 1975, 85pp - Price Code - L
No. 43 - How Working Class Kids get Working Class Jobs, by Paul Willis, 1975, pp 17 - Price Code - K
No. 54 - Women and Work Bibliography - by Janice Winship, 1978, 81pp - Price Code - L
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WOMEN'S STUDIES
No. 19 - Perfonnance and Meaning: Women in Sport, by Paul Willis, 1974, pp ~6 - Price Code - K
No. 30 - The Family in a 'permissive society', by Andrew Tolson, 1975, pp 11 - Price Code- J No. 31 - Images of Women in the Media - by Helen Butcher etal, 1974, 34pp - Price Code - Y
No 53 - Jackie: An Ideology of Adolescent Femininity,, by Angela McRobbie~ 1978, pp 57 - Price Code - Z
No. 59 - Advertising in Women's Magazines 1956/74 - by Janice Winship, 1980, 65pp - Price Code - L
No. 65 - Women Becomes an Individual: Femininity and Consumption in Women's Magazines 1954/69 - by Janice Winship, 1981, 44pp - Price Code - K
No. 69 - Cultures of Femininity: Romance Revisited, by Chris Griffin, 1982, pp 21 - Price Code - K
No. 70 - The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Images of Young Women in the Labour Market, by Chris Griffin, 1982 ppl8 - Price Code - J
No. 76 -Young Women and Work: The Transition from School to the Labour Market for young Working Class Women, by Chris Griffin, 1984, pp 56 - Price Code - K
No.77 - Doris Lessing and Women's Appropriation of Science Fiction - by Mariette Clare, 1984, 52pp - Price Code - L
No. 84 - Woman is Nature is Woman: Media Exploitation of the Greenham Metaphor - by Rebecca Slough, pp 41 - Price Code - K
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Pamphlets/Proceedings/Reports
No. 63 - Fads and Fashions - by Chas Critcher et al., 1977, 52pp - Price Code - K
CSPl - The Meaning of the Lochness Monster: by Paul Lester, 1976, pp 42 - Price Code L
CSP2 - Breeders for Race and Nation: Women and Fascism in Britain Today - By Women and Fascism Group, 1978, 32pp - Price Code - K
Sporting Fictions - Proceedings of a workshop on media, literature and sport held at the Univeristy of Birmingham in 1981 jointly organised and sponsored by the Department of Physical Education and CCCS, 1982, 437pp Price - Z
161 Media Studies Working Papers for 16+ Media Studies, Edited by Christopher Points - £6.00
*Recent Books (only available from bookshops)
*Education Limited, Schooling and Training and the New Right Since 1979, Education Group II, Department of Cultural Studies, Birmingham.
*Off Centre, Feminism and Cultural Studies
伯明翰，Birmingham Mafia，通常用来戏称伯明翰当代文化研究中心毕业的硕士和博士,主要有：[[菲尔·科恩]]（Phil Cohen），[[托尼·杰斐逊]]（Tony Jefferson），[[保尔·威利斯]]（Paul Willis），[[迪克·赫伯迪支]]（Dick Hebdige），[[安吉拉·麦克卢比]]（Angela McRobbie），[[劳伦斯·格罗斯伯格]]（Lawrence Grossberg），[[约翰·克拉克]]（John Clarke），[[大卫·莫利]]（David Morley），[[保罗·吉尔罗伊]]（Paul Gilroy）等。
伯明翰当代文化研究中心（The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies ）简称(CCCS)，原为英国伯明翰大学下设的一个研究中心，由[[理查德·霍加特]]于1964年设立，并担任首任主任。
目录
!历史
伯明翰当代文化研究中心的学术传统可以上溯到[[理查德·霍加特]]、[[雷蒙·威廉斯]]、[[Ｅ.Ｐ.汤普逊]]开创的研究路径和学术传统，虽然后两者并非中心的工作人员，但他们被并称为CCCS乃至英国文化研究的创始人。
“在六十年代末、七十年代初，文化研究在英国成为一种潮流。在机构上，它特指1964年成立的伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心”。伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心的学者，通过自己的学术努力确立了英国文化研究（British cultural studies）的传统，他们也因此称为“伯明翰学派”。70年代牙买加裔学者斯图加特·霍尔继任CCCS主任，CCCS的国际影响日益增强，其研究成果在英语世界和欧洲大陆产生了巨大影响，随着文化研究作为一个新兴学术思潮在世界范围得以推广，“伯明翰当代文化研究中心”也因此公认成为文化研究的摇篮。不少当年曾在CCCS工作过的学者日后成长为文化研究独挡一面的重要力量。1980年代伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心在鼎盛过后，与社会学系合并，改称文化研究与社会学系（CCS）。合并后的文化研究与社会学系的影响力明显与原来的当代文化研究中心相比。但是伯明翰的学者仍为文化研究作出了诸多努力，1991年该承办了第三届”十字路口中的文化研究”国际会议，同时拟议成立文化研究与社会学系研究中心，以恢复当代文化研究中心的传统。2002年6月27日文化研究与社会学系被戏剧性地撤销。系内14名教师都被告之将只保留三个半职位，所有教师都可以在7月31日以前决定是争取这三个半职位，或是自动离职。而在给学生的信中，文化研究系“将被重组”。教师将被分到英语、欧洲研究、社会政策等系科，当时在读的约250名学生也被重组到其他院系。此事在国际学术界引发重大反响。
!理论立场与方法论
霍尔曾以“两种范式”来阐释文化主义与结构主义两种学术范式的影响。此后伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心的研究出现了“葛兰西转向”，也受到法国后结构主义的影响，在理论上认同文化和意识形态的相对独立性，有意识地反对一切经济决定论。在研究实践中，他们力图通过对文化现